Maps of global wind-induced upwelling

Maps of global wind-driven upwelling/downwelling:

Climatological wind-induced upwelling/downwelling at the base of the surface Ekman layer over the global ocean has been computed from the COADS (Comprehesive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) monthly wind stress data (Xie and Hsieh, 1995). The computation has been repeated using the longer data record from Jan.1950 to Apr.1999 (Wong, Xie and Hsieh, 2007). In the following global maps prepared by Liusen Xie, besides the colour coding (with red representing the strongest upwelling and purple, the strongest downwelling), contour lines of +/- 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 cm/day are also plotted for the upwelling/downwelling velocity, and the zero contour is drawn as a thicker line. Higher resolution images for colour printers are provided for the annual mean, January and July.

Annual mean (computed using data from Jan.1950 to Dec.1998) * (higher resolution image for printer)
January * (higher resolution image for printer)
February
March
April
May
June
July * (higher resolution image for printer)
August
September
October
November
December

References:

Wong, C.S., L. Xie and W.W. Hsieh, 2007. Variations in nutrients, carbon and other hydrographic parameters related to the 1976-77 and 1988-89 regime shifts in the sub-arctic northeast Pacific. Prog. Oceanogr. 75: 326-342. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2007.08.002.
Xie, L. and W.W. Hsieh, 1995. The global distribution of wind-induced upwelling. Fisheries Oceanography, 4: 52-67.

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